Thyroid disorders are one of the most common endocrine issues affecting women, yet they remain significantly underdiagnosed and under-discussed — particularly in the context of reproductive health. Conditions like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are up to 8 to 10 times more common in women than in men, with key life stages such as puberty, pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause acting as hormonal triggers.

Many symptoms — such as fatigue, weight fluctuations, mood changes, irregular periods, or difficulty conceiving — are misattributed to stress, PCOS, or general lifestyle factors or even early menopause — especially in younger women navigating work-life pressures or postpartum recovery.

What many don’t realize is that thyroid hormones are closely tied to the reproductive system. They influence everything from menstrual regularity and ovulation to fertility and pregnancy outcomes. Hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) can lead to heavy or irregular periods, difficulty conceiving, and even increase the risk of miscarriages or premature births. Hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid), on the other hand, may cause lighter or missed periods and exacerbate anxiety or insomnia.

There’s a growing body of evidence suggesting that undiagnosed thyroid issues can significantly impact mental health — contributing to chronic fatigue, brain fog, irritability, and even depression. In India, where conversations around mental wellness are just beginning to gain ground, the thyroid’s role in mood and emotional regulation is still largely misunderstood.

Add to this the influence of lifestyle misinformation — from fad diets to supplement culture — and many women unknowingly worsen their thyroid function in pursuit of “wellness.” I frequently see patients who have self-medicated with iodine drops, selenium supplements, or extreme diet plans after encountering poorly researched advice online.

At Holy Family Hospital, we are increasingly advocating for routine thyroid screening as part of women’s preventive healthcare, especially during key hormonal milestones — puberty, conception planning, pregnancy, and postnatal recovery. A simple blood test (TSH, T3, T4) can identify thyroid imbalances early and help prevent a cascade of complications.

Despite this, awareness remains low. Many women visit an endocrinologist only after years of unexplained symptoms or failed fertility treatments. We need to shift this narrative. 

The future of women’s health must include a more integrated approach, where gynecologists, endocrinologists, and mental health professionals collaborate to diagnose and manage thyroid dysfunctions holistically. Early intervention not only improves quality of life but also safeguards long-term heart, bone, and brain health. 

As healthcare providers, we must ensure that thyroid health isn't treated as an isolated issue, but as an integral part of a woman’s overall well-being. And as individuals, we need to listen to our bodies, push for answers, and ask for thyroid testing when symptoms don’t add up.

A recent Instagram survey conducted among working Mumbaikars aged 30 to 55 years has shed light on alarming sleep trends and perceptions in the city that never sleeps. The poll, supported by insights from Dr. Prashant Makhija, Consultant Neurologist at Wockhardt Hospitals, Mumbai Central, highlights not just the sleep deprivation crisis but also the growing awareness around sleep health.

Key Findings:

1. Majority Are Sleep Deprived

● 63.57% of respondents reported getting less than 6 hours of sleep on weekdays.

● This aligns with global data pointing to urban dwellers compromising sleep due to     work and commute.

Dr. Prashant Makhija explains:
“Sleep deprivation has become rampant in metros like Mumbai. What's alarming is that people recognize six hours as insufficient, yet daily demands prevent them from achieving more.”

2. Noise Pollution Is a Major Disturbance

● 64.23% admitted they struggle to sleep due to Mumbai's noise pollution, such as honking, construction, and loud neighbors.

Dr. Makhija comments:
“Environmental factors like urban noise disrupt circadian rhythms and REM sleep, leading to long-term consequences such as anxiety, hypertension, and weakened immunity.”

3. The Weekend Catch-Up Myth

●   59.62% believe that sleeping extra on weekends compensates for weekday loss.

Dr. Makhija warns:
“This is a common misconception. While you may feel better temporarily, it doesn't reverse the cumulative effects of chronic sleep loss.”

4. The Surprising Reality: Sleep Still Valued

● When asked about pre-bedtime habits, 75.40% preferred a relaxed routine, while only 24.60% scrolled social media.

●  Additionally, 55.74% said they don’t sacrifice sleep for late-night food or social plans.

“This is an encouraging insight,” says Dr. Makhija.
“Despite distractions like social media and nightlife, Mumbaikars do attempt to maintain a sleep-friendly routine. It's just that external pressures interfere.”

5. Snoring Is Still Misunderstood

●  53.23% considered snoring to be normal, reflecting a serious lack of awareness.

● In reality, snoring can be a sign of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition with grave health risks.

“People often overlook snoring,” warns Dr. Makhija.
“But it can indicate upper airway obstruction. Left untreated, OSA can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.”

6. Sleep and Health Link: Still Blurry

●Only 52.66% acknowledged the link between inadequate sleep and physical or mental health.

●  Alarmingly, nearly 47% either denied or were unsure of the connection.

Dr. Makhija emphasizes:
“This gap in awareness is concerning. Sleep is not a luxury—it is foundational to brain health, hormonal balance, and emotional regulation.”

7. Stimulants and Coping Mechanisms

●  44.89% reported relying on chai or coffee to stay awake during the day, while the rest managed without caffeine—a surprisingly balanced outcome.

Conclusion: A City That Knows, But Can’t Sleep

The results reveal a city aware of its sleep needs but struggling to meet them due to environmental, social, and occupational stressors. With nearly 2 in 3 respondents being sleep-deprived, it’s evident that public health interventions, noise regulation, and educational efforts are urgently needed.

“It’s time we treat sleep as a pillar of health, not an afterthought,” concludes Dr. Makhija.

Heartiest congratulations to Hon’ble Prime Minister Narendra Modi ji on the historic India-UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the Double Contribution Convention, a landmark achievement amid global trade uncertainties. At AIMED, we applaud this much-awaited ambitious trade deal that is set to significantly strengthen economic ties between India and the UK, unlocking new opportunities for the medical devices sector through enhanced collaboration, innovation, and streamlined trade processes.

The FTA addresses key challenges in the MedTech sector by reducing customs tariffs on critical medical devices, such as consumables, implants, and diagnostic equipment. It also harmonizes non-tariff barriers, including prolonged regulatory approval processes in the UK, which have historically limited India’s medical device exports.

The agreement fosters innovation by promoting joint R&D initiatives and facilitates technology transfer and the establishment of Centres of Excellence in India, enabling the development of affordable, high-quality medical devices tailored to both markets.

By easing bilateral trade barriers, the deal empowers businesses to export, import, and invest in a more diverse and affordable range of healthcare products.

Indian MedTech exports, valued at $3.8 billion in 2023-24, particularly to the UK, are poised for growth, while UK firms gain improved access to India’s $12 billion medical devices market, projected to reach $50 billion by 2030. 

This FTA not only strengthens the MedTech ecosystem but also sets a template for India’s trade negotiations with other developed nations, driving economic growth and healthcare accessibility.

Dr Rajiv Chhibber, Joint Cordinator AIMED
 

A healthy heart is essential for a healthy life, acting as the engine of our circulatory system. This vital organ pumps blood throughout our body, delivering the oxygen and nutrients we need while removing waste. It also helps maintain healthy blood pressure and keeps our body functioning smoothly. Unfortunately, many people face heart and blood vessel issues, known as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which can be treated through various surgeries depending on the specific condition.

Cardiac surgery, also known as heart surgery, involves procedures on the heart or its associated blood vessels. These surgeries become necessary for individuals dealing with heart disease, heart attacks, strokes, blood clots, or those at high risk of developing these conditions. The type of surgery can range from minor procedures like implanting a pacemaker to major open-heart surgeries like bypass grafts. The types of operations vary greatly. Millions of people undergo cardiac surgery each year. However, many patients have misconceptions surrounding these critical procedures which often leads to unnecessary worry and hesitation in patients. It's important to understand the facts and clear up these misconceptions to make informed decisions about our heart health and treatment options.

Myth 1: Cardiac surgery can cause a stroke or affect brain function.

Fact: While there is a potential risk of neurological complications following cardiac surgery, advancements in surgical techniques, intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative care have significantly reduced this risk. Surgeons take meticulous precautions to minimize the possibility of stroke or cognitive impairment. The benefits of addressing severe cardiac conditions often outweigh this potential risk.

Myth 2: Cardiac surgery is only for elderly people.

Fact: Cardiac surgery is performed on individuals of all ages, including infants, children, and young adults. While the incidence of certain cardiac conditions may increase with age, surgical intervention is determined by the specific diagnosis and the patient's overall health status, not solely by age.

Myth 3: You can’t lead a normal life after heart surgery.

Fact: For most patients, cardiac surgery aims to improve their quality of life and enable them to return to their normal activities. Following a period of rehabilitation and adherence to medical advice, most individuals experience significant symptom relief and can resume their usual routines, often with increased energy levels and improved functional capacity.

Myth 4: Cardiac surgery is the last resort.

Fact: While cardiac surgery is often considered for significant heart conditions, it is not always the absolute last option. The decision to proceed with surgery depends on various factors, including the specific diagnosis, the severity of the condition, the patient's overall health, and the potential benefits versus risks compared to other treatment modalities, such as medical management or interventional procedures.

Myth 5: Cardiac surgery is mostly fatal.

Fact: Modern cardiac surgery has become increasingly safe, with survival rates improving significantly over the years due to advancements in surgical techniques, anesthesia, and postoperative care. The risk of mortality varies depending on the complexity of the procedure, the patient's pre-existing conditions, and other individual factors. However, for many serious cardiac conditions, surgery offers a substantial chance of survival and improved long-term outcomes.

Myth 6: Angioplasty is safer than bypass surgery.

Fact: The perceived safety of angioplasty versus bypass surgery depends on the specific cardiac condition, the extent and location of coronary artery disease, and other patient-related factors. While angioplasty is less invasive, bypass surgery may be the more appropriate and effective treatment for certain complex cases of coronary artery disease. The optimal approach is determined by a comprehensive evaluation and discussion with a cardiologist and cardiac surgeon.

Conclusion

Cardiac surgeries are known to be a complex procedure and are associated with their own set of risks and challenges. However, it is critical to manage cardiovascular conditions through surgeries.  Misconceptions surrounding these procedures can pose a significant threat to cardiac health by deterring individuals from seeking timely and necessary treatment. Understanding the realities of cardiac surgery is crucial for enabling individuals to make confident and informed choices about their heart care. By dispelling these myths, patients can approach treatment options with greater clarity and confidence, ultimately leading to improved outcomes and an enhanced quality of life.

Authored by Dr. Harish Vaja, Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgeon, HCG Hospitals, Rajkot

On World Malaria Day, April 25, 2025, India renews its fight against mosquito-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. The diseases are still a cause of concern for public health, with more than 1.7 million cases of malaria reported in 2022, WHO figures reveal. Being these in rural and slum urban areas, they are a serious public health risk. In this backdrop, here is an in-practice guide specific to India's varied situations to keep the people safe and updated.

Understanding the Threat

Mosquitoes are the main vectors responsible for the majority of life-threatening diseases. Anopheles transmits malaria, dengue, and Zika is transmitted by Aedes, and Culex transmits other viral diseases. These mosquitoes thrive in India's climate, particularly in the monsoon. Stagnant water, poor sanitation, and sudden urbanization create perfect breeding sites. Symptoms include fever and joint pains to major complications like organ failure. High-risk populations are children, pregnant women, people living in tribal regions, and slum residents in cities.

Personal Protection

Prevention begins at the personal level. Use of mosquito repellents with DEET, picaridin, or natural oils such as citronella at dawn and dusk is effective, though babies under two months should not use chemical-based repellents. Use of long-sleeved, light-colored clothes and making sure children's uniforms are full-sleeved during monsoons is also useful. Sleeping under bed nets treated with insecticides, particularly those donated by the government, is one of the safest means of prevention. Moreover, putting mesh screens on windows of both rural and urban houses will help minimize mosquitoes entering the household.

Environmental Management

Eliminating breeding grounds is essential. Citizens are urged to drain containers such as flowerpots and tires that hold water regularly. Building sites, especially in urban areas such as Ahmedabad, Baroda, Rajkot, and Surat, need to be checked regularly. Clean-up drives conducted by the community, like the ones observed in Odisha, have been successful in eliminating mosquitoes. Wherever standing water cannot be avoided, NVBDCP-approved larvicides should be used.

Leveraging Technology

Current solutions are assuming a growing significance. Maharashtra has tested drone-based surveillance to identify breeding places in inaccessible regions. The NVBDCP's "India Against Mosquitoes" mobile application offers users real-time advice and notifications. Wearable repellents such as bands and patches are gaining traction in urban areas. In addition, Tamil Nadu is investigating genetic solutions by releasing genetically modified Aedes mosquitoes to suppress disease spread.

Community and Policy Actions

Public outreach and policy support are essential. Anganwadis and schools must organize awareness workshops in local and tribal languages, followed by radio announcements and street plays. Free malaria testing and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) at primary health centers are crucial for timely treatment. Funding programs like indoor residual spraying and distribution of ITNs under the NVBDCP's "Malaria Elimination by 2030" program is important. Strengthening health at the grassroots level through better-trained ASHA workers also needs long-term investment.

Protecting the Vulnerable

Some groups must be given extra care. Pregnant women need to use ITNs and are given IPTp to prevent complications. Tribal areas such as Dang in Gujarat require mobile vans and telemedicine, as those areas contribute almost 80% of the cases in the state. Slum areas in the cities require heightened fogging and larvicide operations because they are densely populated.

Call to Action

This World Malaria Day, each one of us has a role to play. Whether one applies repellent, sleeps with a mosquito net, or joins a community clean-up drive, every little bit helps. Together, through individual action, community effort, and policy action, we can make our way towards an India free from malaria by 2030.

Authored By -  Dr.  Yogesh Gupta, MD Internal medicine, Head of Geriatrics, Sterling Hospital, Ahmedabad.

Kerala’s public health system stands as a shining example of excellence in India, setting a national benchmark through its innovative practices, inclusive policies, and commitment to healthcare equity.

Crisis Management Excellence

Kerala has consistently demonstrated its strength in managing public health emergencies. The state’s swift containment of outbreaks such as Nipah and Zika has been made possible by its highly trained medical teams and robust disease surveillance systems. A notable example is its remarkable performance during the national 100-day Tuberculosis (TB) Elimination Campaign held from December 7, 2024, to March 7, 2025. Kerala was recognized as the top-performing state, receiving a national award and a certificate of appreciation from the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The state screened 87,330 individuals, with 82% undergoing advanced molecular diagnostics like CB-NAAT and TrueNat, enabling the early detection and treatment of 5,588 TB cases. This intensified effort reflects Kerala’s ability to scale up responses quickly and efficiently when the situation demands.

Preventive Health and Community Outreach

Kerala’s approach goes beyond reactive measures—it actively focuses on prevention. During the TB campaign, the state mapped over 8.16 million high-risk individuals and conducted detailed testing for nearly 2 lakh symptomatic cases. It also increased the preventive TB examination rate from 1,500 to 2,201 per 100,000 population, underscoring the impact of strong public awareness campaigns. These efforts align with broader strategies under the Aardram Mission, which aims to transform primary health centres into family health centres, strengthening preventive and community-based care across the state.

Strategic Healthcare Investment

Reinforcing its long-term commitment to public health, Kerala’s 2025–26 budget allocates ₹10,431.73 crore to the health sector, including ₹2,915.49 crore for medical and public health—a ₹97.96 crore increase from the previous year. Over the past two and a half years, more than ₹6,788 crore in free medical care has benefited over 25 lakh people through initiatives like the Karunya Aarogya Suraksha Padhathi (KASP). Looking ahead, the state is investing ₹50 crore to promote wellness and health tourism, along with major allocations for strengthening infrastructure: ₹80 crore for ambulance operations, ₹45 crore for cath labs, ₹13.98 crore for complete dialysis coverage, and ₹152.5 crore for cancer treatment. The state has also prioritized manpower development by expanding nursing education and supporting national health programs such as the NHM and PM-ABHIM.

A Model for Public Health Success

Kerala’s healthcare success is deeply rooted in real-time data monitoring, community engagement, and forward-thinking governance. With high life expectancy, low maternal and infant mortality rates, and a strong public health network, the state has created a sustainable and inclusive healthcare ecosystem. Its holistic model continues to inspire other regions in India, proving that with the right mix of vision, policy, and execution, quality healthcare for all is not just aspirational—it’s achievable.